If something goes wrong: who to call and what to say

In short

About 5 minutes for the short version; 8 with every detail open.

  • If a life may be in danger, call your local emergency number now.
  • Other urgent problems: call your GP. In the evening, at night and at weekends, call the huisartsenpost.
  • Tell the doctor exactly what you used. Bring the vial or pen and its label.
  • Dutch doctors must keep what you tell them secret. Their job is to treat you.
  • Afterwards, you can report the side effect to Lareb and an illegal seller to the IGJ.
Last reviewed
The glass entrance of a modern Dutch health building under a large overhanging floor, with a tree and a paved square in front.
A GP post for evenings, nights and weekends (huisartsenpost) in the Dutch town of Oss. Photo: RagingR2 (Wikimedia Commons) CC BY-SA 4.0 Image details

Each section starts with the short answer. The rest is folded under “In detail”.

This page is for when you feel unwell after using a peptide product, or think something has gone wrong. It is written for the Netherlands. Short notes for other countries are at the end.

Where to get help

Who do I call?

It depends on how fast you need help: the emergency number, your GP, or the huisartsenpost.
Where to get help in the Netherlands, from most to least urgent
How urgent is it?Who to contact
A life may be in dangerYour local emergency number, straight away, day or night
It cannot wait until tomorrow, during office hoursYour own GP (huisarts)
It cannot wait until tomorrow, in the evening, at night or at the weekendThe out-of-hours GP service (huisartsenpost). Call before you go
You think you need a hospitalCall your GP or the huisartsenpost first, unless a life is in danger. They send you to the emergency department (SEH) if needed
It can wait a few daysMake an appointment with your GP

Sources 1, 8

If you are not sure which fits, call your GP or the huisartsenpost. They will tell you what to do.1

In detail: Costs, and the poison centre , about 1 minute to read
  • Costs. Care from your GP and the huisartsenpost does not use your deductible (eigen risico). Care in a hospital emergency department does.8
  • The poison centre (NVIC) gives advice to doctors, pharmacists and other professionals, day and night. If you think you have been poisoned, call your GP, or the huisartsenpost outside office hours. Your doctor can then call the NVIC.9

The full list of warning signs, and how fast to act on each one:

Stop-now warning signs

Call your local emergency number now

  • Confusion or slurred speech, very fast breathing, or pale, blue or blotchy skin, often with fever or shivering These can be signs of sepsis: the body's reaction to an infection has started to damage its own organs.
  • Fainting and not waking up within a minute, or fainting with chest pain, a racing heart or a fit This can be a dangerous heart rhythm or a severe allergic reaction.
  • Pain at the injection spot that is much worse than it looks, or dark, purple or grey patches or blisters there This can be a rare, fast-spreading infection of the deep layers under the skin (necrotising fasciitis).
  • Swelling of the lips, tongue or throat, trouble breathing or swallowing, wheezing, a hoarse voice, or feeling faint, soon after an injection This can be a severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis), which is life-threatening and gets worse very quickly.
  • Pain, pressure or tightness in the chest, or pain that spreads to the arm, neck, jaw or back This can be a heart attack, which needs treatment in hospital straight away.
  • Sudden, severe shortness of breath: gasping, or not able to finish a sentence This can be a serious problem with the heart, the lungs or an allergic reaction.
  • A racing, pounding or irregular heartbeat that does not settle, or that comes with chest pain, breathlessness or fainting This can be a dangerous heart rhythm.
  • A sudden, severe headache with blurred vision, chest pain, confusion or vomiting Blood pressure may be dangerously high, which can damage the brain, heart, kidneys and eyes.
  • An erection that lasts more than 3 hours, or a painful erection that will not go down Blood trapped in the penis can damage it for good if it is not treated quickly.
  • Shaking, sweating or sudden hunger that turns into confusion or drowsiness Very low blood sugar can cause a fit or loss of consciousness; take something sugary if you can still swallow safely.
  • Severe, constant pain in the upper belly that spreads to the back, often with vomiting This can be an inflamed pancreas (pancreatitis), a known risk of GLP-1 medicines such as semaglutide and tirzepatide.
  • Sudden weakness or numbness on one side, a drooping face, or slurred or confused speech These are signs of a stroke, which needs treatment in hospital straight away, even if the signs pass.
  • A headache that starts suddenly and is extremely painful, or a headache with a stiff neck, confusion or a fit This can be a stroke or another emergency in the brain.
  • Sudden loss of sight in one or both eyes This can be a stroke or damage to the nerve of the eye, and sight can be lost for good.
  • A fit (seizure): jerking movements, or suddenly not responding A fit can be caused by very low blood sugar or a problem in the brain, and needs checks straight away.

Get medical help today

  • Fever, shivering or feeling very ill in the days after an injection Germs from the needle, the skin or the product may have reached your blood. If you also have a fast heartbeat or fast breathing, call your local emergency number.
  • Redness, heat, swelling or pain around the injection spot that keeps growing or getting worse This can be a skin infection (cellulitis), which needs antibiotics before it spreads.
  • Red lines that run from the injection spot towards the armpit or groin The infection may be spreading along the lymph vessels, and from there into the blood. If you also have a fever with a fast heartbeat or fast breathing, call your local emergency number.
  • A painful, warm lump that fills with pus This is probably an abscess: it often needs draining by a doctor, so do not squeeze it.
  • You were pricked by a needle that someone else had used Blood on a used needle can pass on HIV and hepatitis B or C, and preventive treatment works best within hours.
  • Vomiting so often that you cannot keep fluids down, or passing very little urine Losing too much fluid can damage the kidneys.
  • Yellow skin, or yellow whites of the eyes This can be a sign of a liver problem, gallstones or an inflamed pancreas.
  • Dark, red or cola-coloured urine together with muscle pain, tenderness or weakness Damaged muscle can release a protein that harms the kidneys (rhabdomyolysis).

Stop and contact a doctor

  • You fainted, but woke up quickly and now feel well Fainting is often harmless, but a doctor should check the cause.
  • A new mole, or a mole that changes size, shape or colour, itches or bleeds A changing mole can be skin cancer, and tanning peptides such as melanotan II have been linked to new and changing moles in case reports.
  • A lump at an injection spot that does not go away, or keeps growing A doctor should check whether it is an abscess, a reaction to the product or something else.
  • An itchy, raised rash, or puffy eyes or lips, while breathing stays normal Your body may be reacting to the product, and using it again can bring the reaction back.
  • Palpitations that keep coming back, even if they pass and you then feel well A doctor can check whether your heart rhythm is normal.

What to tell the doctor

What do I tell the doctor?

What you used, when, how much and where, and everything else you take.
  • The name on the label, and what it was sold as.
  • Where it came from: a pharmacy, a website, a gym, a friend or a clinic.
  • When you last used it, and since when you have used it.
  • How much and how often. The doctor needs this to understand what happened.
  • How you took it, and where on your body you injected.
  • Everything else you take: medicines, supplements, alcohol and drugs.
  • Allergies you know of.

Sources 2, 10, 11

In detail: Why each detail matters , about 1 minute to read
  • The product may not be what the label says. Some fake semaglutide held insulin, which makes blood sugar fall. If the doctor knows your product did not come from a pharmacy, they can think of this. Then they can check your blood sugar.12,13
  • Doctors are asked to record these details. In Australia, liver injuries were linked to a product sold as retatrutide. The health department of Victoria then asked doctors to note the product name, its ingredients, the dose and where it was bought.10
  • Say it even if it does not feel like a medicine. In a Swiss case, a woman was in hospital with days of vomiting. Only careful questions found the likely cause: weekly injections from a “life coach”. She had not thought of them as medication. Her doctors advise asking patients directly about injections and peptides.14
  • Other medicines can change the risk. For example, GLP-1 type products together with insulin can push blood sugar too low.15

Bring the product, and keep it

Should I bring the vial?

Yes. Bring the vial or pen with its label and box. A lab may test it.
Why the vial or pen helps, from your bag to the lab
  1. Pack it safely. Put the vial, pen or box in a closed bag or container. A used needle goes in a sharps container, not in your bag.2,16
  2. Show it to the doctor. The label tells them what the product was meant to be.2
  3. A lab can test what was in it. In Italy, a lab found insulin in a vial sold as semaglutide. In Germany, a state lab found insulin in fake pens.13,17
  4. What is found can protect others. Dutch doctors stress that quick reports to the regulator help stop fake products from spreading.12

Keep the rest of the product, unused, until you have recovered and decided whether to report it. See sharps disposal for used needles.

Why you can be open with a doctor

Will the doctor report me?

Dutch doctors must keep what you say secret. The exceptions are few and rare.
Your doctor must keep what you say secret, apart from a few rare exceptions. Medical secrecy in the Netherlands. Checked on 22 October 2026. This is not legal advice.
Your doctor in the Netherlands
Must your doctor keep what you say secret?Yes By law, apart from a few exceptions.18,19
May your doctor refuse to answer police questions about you?Yes Doctors have the right to stay silent towards the police and the courts.20
Is using a product on yourself one of the exceptions?No The Dutch medical association (KNMG) does not name it. A doctor may break secrecy to prevent serious harm, but only under strict rules.20
Can a doctor act if you put someone else in danger?Yes For example, if a drunk patient wants to drive.20
Does Lareb pass your side-effect report on to your doctor?No Lareb does not share it with your doctor or pharmacist.21
In detail: The rules behind this , about 2 minutes to read
  • The law. The Dutch law on medical treatment is called the WGBO. Under it, your care provider may not give information about you to others without your consent, unless a law requires it. People directly involved in your treatment are not counted as “others”.18

  • The exceptions. The Royal Dutch Medical Association (KNMG) lists when a doctor may break secrecy:

    • with your consent;
    • with consent that can be assumed, such as a referral letter;
    • when a law says the doctor must or may report something, such as some infectious diseases;
    • to prevent serious harm to you or someone else, under strict rules and only if there is no other way;
    • in a few cases of weighty interest to someone else.

    The doctor must be able to explain such a choice.20

  • What we checked. Some products are not authorised medicines. We looked for a Dutch rule that makes a doctor report a patient to the police for using one. We found none (checked 22 October 2026). For the law on these products, see Dutch law.

  • Your file. Your doctor will probably write down what you used. That is normal. The file is private, and you may see it and get a copy.22

GPs are used to hearing about difficult subjects. All doctors in the Netherlands have a duty of secrecy.11

Report what happened

Should I report it?

Yes, if you can. Report the side effect to Lareb, and a seller you doubt to the IGJ.
Where to report in the Netherlands, and what happens next
What to reportWhereWho can reportWhat happens
A side effectLareb, the Dutch side-effect centreAnyone. Also people who used illegal medicines or bought them onlineReports help find patterns. Lareb gives no medical advice and does not tell your doctor
A website or seller you doubtThe Health and Youth Care Inspectorate (IGJ), through its national reporting point (Landelijk Meldpunt Zorg)AnyoneThe IGJ checks online sellers of medicines
A product you think is fakeYour pharmacist, if it came from a pharmacy. Otherwise the IGJAnyoneRegulators can warn others

Sources 21, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27

In detail: Why reports matter , about 1 minute to read
  • They can stop a fake product from spreading. Dutch doctors treated two people for insulin poisoning from fake semaglutide. They stress that quick reports to the regulator are essential.12
  • They show patterns no single doctor can see. The EU side-effect database held 234 reports about possible fake semaglutide. In them, low blood sugar was reported more often than with the real medicine.28
  • The World Health Organization asks everyone to stop using suspicious medicines and to report them.29

If you are not in the Netherlands

What if I am in another country?

If a life is in danger, call the local emergency number. Otherwise, see a local doctor.
Where to get help and report side effects in other countries
CountryUrgent help that is not an emergencyPoison adviceReport a side effect
United KingdomNHS 111Through NHS 111The Yellow Card scheme
Germany116 117, outside practice hoursRegional poison centres, 24 hours a dayThe BfArM online portal

Sources 2, 30, 31, 32

In the United States, you can report a side effect to FDA MedWatch.33 Belgium and the other countries are in the cards below.

In detail: Contact details by country , about 1 minute to read

Sources

Every claim on this page links to one of these sources. Scholarly sources link to their DOI; regulatory sources to the regulator's own page.

In detail: All 33 sources, numbered as in the text , about 5 minutes to read
  1. Rijksoverheid (Government of the Netherlands) (2026). Wat moet ik doen als iemand dringend medische hulp nodig heeft?. Regulator rijksoverheid.nl (opens an external site) — accessed 20 October 2026 ↩
  2. NHS (2025). Poisoning. Web page nhs.uk (opens an external site) — accessed 22 October 2026 ↩
  3. NHS (England) (2023). Anaphylaxis. Web page nhs.uk (opens an external site) — accessed 20 October 2026 ↩
  4. NHS (England) (2023). Chest pain. Web page nhs.uk (opens an external site) — accessed 20 October 2026 ↩
  5. NHS (England) (2024). Symptoms of a stroke. Web page nhs.uk (opens an external site) — accessed 20 October 2026 ↩
  6. NHS (England) (2023). Low blood sugar (hypoglycaemia). Web page nhs.uk (opens an external site) — accessed 20 October 2026 ↩
  7. NHS (England) (2026). Sepsis. Web page nhs.uk (opens an external site) — accessed 20 October 2026 ↩
  8. Rijksoverheid (Government of the Netherlands) (2026). Wanneer moet ik naar de huisartsenpost of de spoedeisende hulppost?. Regulator rijksoverheid.nl (opens an external site) — accessed 20 October 2026 ↩
  9. Nationaal Vergiftigingen Informatie Centrum (NVIC), UMC Utrecht (2026). Nationaal Vergiftigingen Informatie Centrum. Web page nvic.umcutrecht.nl (opens an external site) — accessed 22 October 2026 ↩
  10. Department of Health, Victoria (Australia), Chief Health Officer (2026). Toxicity linked to unapproved peptide product labelled Retatrutide (health alert). Regulator health.vic.gov.au (opens an external site) — accessed 22 October 2026 ↩
  11. Thuisarts.nl (Nederlands Huisartsen Genootschap, NHG) (2024). Ik ga naar de huisarts: wat kan ik van tevoren doen en verwachten?. Web page thuisarts.nl (opens an external site) — accessed 22 October 2026 ↩
  12. Stammers J, Hofste Op Bruinink D, Karel PGA, van der Hoeven CJ, Schol-Gelok S, Stam-Slob MC (2026). Insulin intoxications caused by falsified semaglutide. Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde 170:D9116. Research article PMID 42390457 (opens an external site) ↩
  13. Antonacci G, Bortignon E, Bolognesi M, Piano SS, Cadore A, Camuffo L, Venturini F, Faoro S, Favretto D, Romano A, Mengato D (2026). Hypoglycaemic coma induced by a falsified semaglutide product: a case report. European Journal of Hospital Pharmacy 33:486-489. Research article doi:10.1136/ejhpharm-2025-004656 (opens an external site) ↩
  14. Buzzi RM, Huber LC (2026). Emerging risks of health optimisation: refractory nausea associated with peptide injections reported to contain retatrutide. BMJ Case Reports 19:e276106. Research article doi:10.1136/bcr-2026-276106 (opens an external site) ↩
  15. European Medicines Agency (2026). Wegovy (semaglutide): EPAR — overview and product information. Official product information ema.europa.eu (opens an external site) — accessed 20 October 2026 ↩
  16. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (2023). Best Way to Get Rid of Used Needles and Other Sharps. Regulator fda.gov (opens an external site) — accessed 20 October 2026 ↩
  17. Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte (BfArM) (2024). Fälschung des Arzneimittels Ozempic® (updates 11.10.2023 – 15.02.2024). Regulator bfarm.de (opens an external site) — accessed 20 October 2026 ↩
  18. Staten-Generaal / Koninkrijk der Nederlanden (1994). Burgerlijk Wetboek Boek 7, artikel 457 (WGBO: geheimhouding). wetten.overheid.nl (BWBR0005290), version in force from 8 October 2026. Law wetten.overheid.nl (opens an external site) — accessed 22 October 2026 ↩
  19. KNMG (Royal Dutch Medical Association) (2024). Medisch beroepsgeheim: wat en waarom. Web page knmg.nl (opens an external site) — accessed 20 October 2026 ↩
  20. KNMG (Royal Dutch Medical Association) (2026). Medisch beroepsgeheim: wanneer doorbreken. Web page knmg.nl (opens an external site) — accessed 22 October 2026 ↩
  21. Bijwerkingencentrum Lareb (2026). Alles over bijwerkingen melden. Web page lareb.nl (opens an external site) — accessed 20 October 2026 ↩
  22. Staten-Generaal / Koninkrijk der Nederlanden (1994). Burgerlijk Wetboek Boek 7, artikelen 454-456 (WGBO: het medisch dossier, eigen verklaring, inzage en afschrift). wetten.overheid.nl (BWBR0005290), version in force from 8 October 2026. Law wetten.overheid.nl (opens an external site) — accessed 22 October 2026 ↩
  23. Bijwerkingencentrum Lareb (2021). Risico's illegale geneesmiddelen (Medicijnjournaal december 2021). Web page lareb.nl (opens an external site) — accessed 22 October 2026 ↩
  24. Inspectie Gezondheidszorg en Jeugd (IGJ) en College ter Beoordeling van Geneesmiddelen (CBG) (2025). IGJ en CBG waarschuwen voor illegaal online aanbod van medicijnen. Regulator igj.nl (opens an external site) — accessed 22 October 2026 ↩
  25. Inspectie Gezondheidszorg en Jeugd (IGJ) (2026). Online medicijnen. Regulator igj.nl (opens an external site) — accessed 22 October 2026 ↩
  26. European Medicines Agency (2023). EMA alerts EU patients and healthcare professionals to reports of falsified Ozempic pens. Regulator ema.europa.eu (opens an external site) — accessed 20 October 2026 ↩
  27. Inspectie Gezondheidszorg en Jeugd (IGJ) (2023). Waarschuwing voor vervalste injectiepennen van diabetesmedicijn Ozempic. Regulator igj.nl (opens an external site) — accessed 20 October 2026 ↩
  28. Zinzi A, Gaio M, Ruggiero R, Mascolo A, Riemma MA, Cipriani M, Laino LV, Berrino L, Rossi F, Capuano A (2026). Unmasking counterfeit semaglutide: analysis of real-world safety data from EudraVigilance. Frontiers in Pharmacology 17:1805842. Research article doi:10.3389/fphar.2026.1805842 (opens an external site) ↩
  29. World Health Organization (2024). WHO issues warning on falsified medicines used for diabetes treatment and weight loss. Regulator who.int (opens an external site) — accessed 20 October 2026 ↩
  30. Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (2026). Yellow Card: making medicines and medical devices safer. Web page yellowcard.mhra.gov.uk (opens an external site) — accessed 22 October 2026 ↩
  31. Bundesministerium für Gesundheit (gesund.bund.de) (2022). Numbers to call in the event of an emergency. Regulator gesund.bund.de (opens an external site) — accessed 22 October 2026 ↩
  32. Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte (BfArM) (2026). Nebenwirkungen und weitere Arzneimittelrisiken melden. Regulator bfarm.de (opens an external site) — accessed 22 October 2026 ↩
  33. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (2026). MedWatch: The FDA Safety Information and Adverse Event Reporting Program. Regulator fda.gov (opens an external site) — accessed 22 October 2026 ↩